Sunday, 20 December 2015

Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015)

Storyline

Galactic Empire defeated thirty years ago. But, the Galaxy is now facing a new threat, a new faction named the First Order. Their main mission is to rule the Galaxy and destroy all who oppose them. Their commander is a ruthless, mysterious, powerful dark knight, Kylo Ren. Kylo has an ambition to find and kill the last Jedi which believed can bring peace and justice to the galaxy, Luke Skywalker, who has vanished. Luke's location is also a main concern for General Leia Organa, a General from the Resistance that now trying to find him too. Along with the progress, Han Solo and Chewbacca met some new companions: Finn - a former First Order Stormtrooper, and Rey - a scavenger from Jakku planet that found Poe Dameron's (one of the best Resistance pilot) BB-8 rolling droid. This unexpected association forced not only to fight and resist against the First Order, but also to find the key lines of Luke's location. But their main problem is, the First Order and their army of Stormtroopers will ...

Friday, 2 October 2015

Oregon shooting: Gunman dead after college rampage

  • Multiple officials identify the shooter as 26-year-old Chris Harper Mercer
  • Ten people were killed and another seven were injured, sheriff says
  • Thoughts and prayers are "not enough," says President Barack Obama
  • Others were hit, she told her family.
    Everyone in the classroom dropped to the ground.
    The gunman, while reloading his handgun, ordered the students to stand up if they were Christians, Boylan told her family.
      "And they would stand up and he said, 'Good, because you're a Christian, you're going to see God in just about one second,'" Boylan's father, Stacy, told CNN, relaying her account.
      "And then he shot and killed them."
      [Last update posted at 11:28 p.m. ET]
      (CNN ) -- Ten people were killed when a gunman opened fire at Oregon's Umpqua Community College on Thursday, forcing the nation to face yet another mass shooting.
      Seven other people were injured, and the shooter is dead, Douglas County Sheriff John Hanlin told reporters. Earlier estimates had put the number of people hurt much higher.
      Multiple law enforcement officials familiar with the investigation identified the gunman as 26-year-old Chris Harper Mercer. Investigators have interviewed members of his family and friends, they said.
      "I will not name the shooter," Hanlin said. "I will not give him the credit he probably sought."

    Thursday, 1 October 2015

    West Coast refute former player's claims of drug culture at club in 2006

    West Coast say they are extremely disappointed at the timing and content of claims made by former player Daniel Chick that there was a toxic culture of illicit drug use within the Eagles’ 2006 AFL premiership-winning team.
    Chick claimed in Thursday’s Herald Sun that he and former team-mates Daniel Kerr and Ben Cousins took massive doses of asthma drug prednisone in a pattern experts describe as bizarre and inappropriate.
    “The West Coast Eagles are extremely disappointed by the content, timing and publication of some unsubstantiated claims by former player Daniel Chick in a Melbourne newspaper today,” West Coast said in a statement on Thursday.
    “The club was not contacted to provide any balance to the article and strongly refutes the allegations in that story. The club and its medical staff are deeply offended by these allegations and will discuss internally an appropriate course of action.”
    The allegations came just three days before the AFL grand final, the Eagles’ first since winning the flag nine years ago after beating the Sydney Swans by a single point.

    Chick revealed in the report that a club staffer hid certain players from drug testers, that a former Eagles figure dished out sedatives in bulk to players and that the use of cocaine, ecstasy and methamphetamine were widespread in the squad.
    Chick also said some players would snort crushed Xanax and take Valium with vodka to relax on flights to and from Perth.
    Prednisone use is banned under anti-doping rules, unless cleared by a special Asada medical committee. Chick said Cousins, Kerr, and himself, who were asthmatic, had this approval. However, he would only ever take the drug during the season, on game days, and with other stimulants.
    “I couldn’t even sit still on the bench,” Chick said. “I started taking the 20mgs and 5mgs tablets on game day but then it escalated up to 40 to 50mgs quickly. It smashes your system. I’ve since read a lot about it, we didn’t know what was done to us. You feel bulletproof basically.
    “Even the next day or two you wouldn’t feel knocks but by Wednesday you flatten out and it is hard to get going again. Once you are in that cycle it was like an addiction.”
    Chick said he’d gone public with the story as he wanted senior figures to be made more accountable for their players’ health.
    “What went on at West Coast is due to lack of leadership from the top down,” he said. “Players’ health should be more important than protecting the brand ... I don’t think the premiership is tainted but it came at too high a price.”

    When do the clocks go back in October 2015 and why does the date change?

    October has arrived and as the temperature begins to drop, thoughts turn to when the clocks will go back.
    It's not something we all look forward to, but on the plus side, we'll get an extra hour in bed when the clocks go back.
    A good way of remembering the clocks changing is the saying, "Spring forward, fall back."
    When do the clocks go back in October 2015?
    The clocks will go back at 2am on Sunday, October 25, so it will be lighter in the mornings.
    Why does the date change?
    In the UK the clocks always go forward on the last Sunday in March at 1am, and back an hour on the last Sunday in October at 2am.

    Why do we have Daylight Saving Time?
    The tradition of putting clocks forward in spring and back in autumn was started by London builder William Willett in 1907.
    He argued that the population's health and happiness would be improved by putting the clocks forward 20 minutes every Sunday in April and with the opposite being done in September.

    Johanna Konta suffers battling defeat by Venus Williams at Wuhan Open

    Johanna Konta said she was looking forward to a “good night’s sleep” after herrun at the Wuhan Open came to an end. The 24-year-old Briton took Venus Williams the distance in a pulsating quarter-final, with the American winning the last four games to dig herself out of a hole and prevail 6-4, 3-6, 7-5 in a match that took two hours and 40 minutes.
    Konta was serving for the match with a 5-3 lead in the final set but Williams, who struggled on her serve throughout, was able to channel her frustrations and take the victory. In the final balance, the margins were minimal as Williams won 107 points to Konta’s 106.
    “I was happy with my overall performance and even though I was serving for the match I don’t feel I lost it; Venus raised her game and played incredible tennis,” Konta told Sky Sports News. “I grew up watching her and feel lucky that I got to share a court with a champion. But I also definitely wanted to win out there and I did give my best but in the end it wasn’t good enough.”
    Konta, ranked 66th in the world, pulled off the biggest win of her career when shecame from 5-1 down in the deciding set to defeat the world No2, Simona Halep, in the third round. She will replace Heather Watson as Britain’s No1 when the new rankings are released next week.
    “For me, rankings are neither here nor there,” Konta said. “What really makes me happy are the consistent performances I’ve put in here day in, day out.”
    Konta started against Williams in much the same way she did against Halep, carving out two break points at 15-40 in the opening game, only for the American to recover to hold.
    The 35-year-old seven-times grand slam champion then broke Konta’s serve to move 2-0 in front but Konta hit back in the third game, taking the third of her three break chances as she whipped a forehand cross-court as her opponent raced to the net. Williams broke again before going 4-1 ahead on her way to taking the set.

    Williams, however, was not at her best on serve and continued to give Konta opportunities in the second set. Konta broke to take a 3-2 lead and then broke Williams again to secure the set 6-3.
    Konta would strike first in the third, too, surviving a break point to go 2-1 up and then hitting Williams again for a 3-1 lead.As Konta took a 3-1 lead in the third set, The American was visibly frustrated, with herself, the noise from the crowd and some of the line decisions but just when it looked as if her emotions would get the better of her, she channelled her anger into some punishing shots, which quickly levelled it up at 3-3.
    A double fault gave Konta another break chance in the eighth game, however, and she took it at the second invitation, gaining a 5-3 lead – and the opportunity to serve for the match. Again Williams rallied, going 15-40 up. A cross-court shot was called out to give Konta another life but Williams ensured it was short-lived.
    After Williams made it 5-5, it was Konta who began to feel the pressure as mistakes crept into her game and she began to hit her shots long. With Williams on break point, a double fault from Konta made it 6-5 to the American and now it was her turn to serve for the match.
    Konta took the first point, which sent Williams to the umpire to complain about a noise from the crowd, with the tension high. Konta looked as if she could capitalise when she moved 15-40 up but Williams rediscovered her serve and hit back to deuce. Konta pulled off a brilliant drop shot on match point but it only delayed the killer blow from Williams, who breathed a huge sigh of relief upon sealing the win.
    Konta will return to Britain shortly and plans on playing in three European tournaments before taking a well-earned holiday.



    Kim Davis Recounts Secret Meeting With Pope Francis

    Kentucky county clerk Kim Davis says a private meeting with Pope Francis has inspired her -– and given her a renewed sense of purpose.
    “I was crying. I had tears coming out of my eyes,” Davis said in an exclusive interview with ABC News. “I'm just a nobody, so it was really humbling to think he would want to meet or know me.”
    Davis, who refused to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples, says the private meeting occurred during the pope’s historic trip to the United States. After receiving a surprise phone call from a church official, the Kentucky county clerk says she traveled to Washington, D.C., where she and her husband Joe met the pope Sept. 24 at the Vatican Embassy.
    “I put my hand out and he reached and he grabbed it, and I hugged him and he hugged me,” Davis said. “And he said, ‘thank you for your courage.’”
    Father Benedettini from the Vatican Press office released a statement after reports emerged that Davis and the pope had met.
    “The Holy See is aware of the reports of Kim Davis meeting with the Holy Father. The Vatican does not confirm the meeting, nor does it deny the meeting. There will be no further information given,“ the statement reads.
    Hours later, Father Benedettini said, in another statement, “I do not deny that the meeting took place, but I will not comment on it further."
    The Apostolic Nunciature in Washington, D.C. would also not elaborate, echoing the Vatican's latest statement.
    Davis drew national attention -– and spent six days in jail -– after refusing a judge's order to issue marriage licenses in Rowan County, Kentucky, to same-sex and heterosexual couples, citing her religious beliefs.
    Davis, back at work, is still not issuing any marriage licenses.
    ABC News' Terry Moran asked Francis Sunday night if he supports individuals, including government officials, who claim religious liberty as a reason to disobey the law.
    Francis responded, "I can't have in mind all the cases that can exist about conscientious objection, but, yes, I can say that conscientious objection is a right that is a part of every human right. It is a right. And if a person does not allow others to be a conscientious objector, he denies a right."
    When asked if that includes government officials, Francis said, "It is a human right and if a government official is a human person, he has that right. It is a human right."
    Davis says Pope Francis left her and her husband with a rosary.
    “He told me before he left, he said, ‘stay strong.’ That was a great encouragement. Just knowing that the pope is on track with what we're doing, it kind of validates everything to have someone of that stature,” Davis said.
    Davis says she’s committed to her cause, even if it means more time behind bars.
    “I've weighed the cost and I'm prepared to do whatever it takes, even jail,” she said. “It's still the same battle, we just have some more fighting with us now.”

    Real Madrid star Cristiano Ronaldo coy on future after matching record

    Cristiano Ronaldo was involved in an angry exchange with journalists after equalling the all-time goalscoring record at Real Madrid, and gave mixed-messages over his future saying: "Nobody knows what will happen next year."
    Ronaldo's brace in the 2-0 win over Malmo on Wednesday saw him match former Madrid striker Raul Gonzalez's record tally of 323 goals for the clubafter just 308 games.
    The 30-year-old's future at the Bernabeu has been the subject of speculation, though, with Paris Saint-Germain and Manchester United credited with an interest.
    Ronaldo is reported to have been unhappy with the fact that Rafa Benitez was brought in to replace Carlo Ancelotti as Madrid boss over the summer as well as having concerns the treatment of teammates Iker Casillas and Sergio Ramos.
    Asked in the mixed zone after Wednesday's game if he was happy in Madrid and whether he had any issues with the club over the summer, he told newspapers including AS: "My future is at Madrid. I am good here.
    "I want to win things here and I feel good, but I have said millions of times that nobody can tell what will happen in the future. We will see what happens.
    "I have a good relationship with everyone -- the president, coaches, workers... The relationships are good because I am a professional."
    He added: "Nobody knows what will happen next year. I want to win things at Madrid as I think that this club has the potential to win things, but I do not know the future."
    The Portugal forward has made a point of refusing to talk to the Madrid media in recent months, and he was asked whether someone had shown him disrespect, saying: "That is my decision. I speak when I want and the club has not pressured me.
    "This is not the moment to speak about [whether someone has shown me disrespect]. When someone does not talk, it is because something is not going well. Everyone is free to think what they like."


    Powerball Player Wins $310M on Ticket Sold at Michigan Shell Station

    The winning ticket — the second-largest so far this year — was sold in Three Rivers, some 30 miles south of Kalamazoo, Michigan Lottery spokesman Jeff Holyfield confirmed.
    The winning numbers were 21-39-40-55-59 and Powerball 17, according to its website.
    An attendant at the gas station told NBC News that she had not heard anything about the winning jackpot and didn't know who'd bought the ticket.
    "The winner or winners would need to contact us during business hours, which are 7:45 a.m. to 4:45 p.m.," Holyfield added in an email.
    The "last big winner we had didn't contact us for a month so she could line up a financial planner [and] lawyer," 


    Wednesday, 30 September 2015

    Apple Releases OS X 10.11 El Capitan With Improved Spotlight Search, Enhanced Performance, and Revamped Apps

    Apple today released OS X 10.11 El Capitan to the public, making the newest Mac operating system available for free to Mac users around the world. OS X El Capitan went through eight developer betas before the golden master version of the software wasreleased on September 9

    OS X El Capitan is still rolling out to users, but it can be downloaded using the Software Update function in the Mac App Store, and it will run on all Macs capable of running OS X Yosemite. Here is a direct link for the update: OS X El Capitan.

    As an update complementary to OS X Yosemite, as the OS X El Capitan name suggests, the new operating system builds on the features introduced last year. OS X El Capitan focuses on improving user experience and performance. 

    OS X El Capitan looks like OS X Yosemite, but it includes a new systemwide font, San Francisco, and it introduces a new Split View option for Mission Control, allowing two full-screen apps to be used side-by-side. El Capitan includes an improved Spotlight Search and several new app features. Safari, for example, has gained Pinned Sites and a universal mute button, while Mail has new iOS-style smart suggestions. 

    Photos in OS X El Capitan supports third-party photo editing extensions from Mac App Store apps, Notes has new features, and Maps includes Transit directions. Under-the-hood improvements in El Capitan also make a number of apps and processes on the Mac faster, and the introduction of Metal makes system-level graphics rendering 40 percent more efficient. 




    Arsenal’s Champions League experience means nothing as same old naivety continues

    Way, way back, at the start of Arsène Wenger’s first full season with Arsenal, a side that would win the Premier League and FA Cup double come the end of the campaign, endured a moment of the purest European misery. It was inflicted by underestimated Greek opponents. In the opening round of the Uefa Cup, Paok Salonika were the visitors to Highbury. AnArsenal team containing the talent of David Seaman, Tony Adams, Patrick Vieira, Emmanuel Petit, Marc Overmars, Dennis Bergkamp and Ian Wright dominated, and were searching for the goal to win the tie when Paok’s Zisis Vryzas scythed through them three minutes from the end to deliver a classic sucker punch.
    The home crowd, the players who knew they should have done better and an anguished Wenger experienced that jab of desperate deflation. Some 18 years on from that Paok punishment, the exact same sensation arrived as Arsenal spun from the elation of Alexis Sánchez’s header to the burning frustration of Alfred Finnbogason’s flicked match-winner for Olympiakos. For Wenger, that sudden sinking feeling, like leaving your stomach behind as a plane suddenly drops in mid-air, assailed him yet again. This was not supposed to happen. Every time it seems to hit Arsenal like a shock, and yet it happens often enough that it should not be remotely surprising.
    Over his 18 years of consecutive Champions League football, Wenger has presided over 177 games in the competition. That is a big old number. As you might imagine, there has been a wide spectrum of performances and experiences within that. Some outstanding (beating Real Madrid in the Bernabéu with a Thierry Henry special), some routine (a straightforward 2-0 home win over Standard Liège for example) and some hideous (last season’s calamitous 3-1 defeat by Monaco sums up this batch quite well).
    The trouble with making the same type of mistakes repetitively over 18 years and 177 games is that it becomes unacceptable that Arsenal seem unable to learn. To change. To adapt. To try to do things differently. With that much experience of Champions League football, and with – on the whole – pretty good players for this level at their disposal, it reveals a very deep-rooted problem to know all about the banana skin in front of you and still go flying. That 177 is an admirable number in a way, reflecting consistency few others match in terms of Champions Leaguequalification, but in another way it is damning. All those games. Same old naivety.
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    Arsenal’s difficulty in controlling games, this tendency for anxious football that makes them chase and put all their emotion into trying to force a situation before they fall apart, has become an unwanted hallmark in Europe. Any opponents who are well organised, committed, and try their luck have a chance of profiting if Wenger’s team slip into this self-destructive mode. This season Dinamo Zagreband Olympiakos have done it. In their past three home games in the Champions League Arsenal have resorted to this brand of hectic, disorganised football and on each occasion shipped three goals, to Anderlecht, Monaco and Olympiakos. These are not the clubs from the Bayern Munich, Barcelona and Juventus stratosphere but teams Arsenal were comfortable favourites to beat at home.
    From a headline perspective, Wenger left himself open to criticism with the Petr Cech/David Ospina situation. His ambiguous explanation over the selection of the second (and weaker) choice, with the semi-disguised hint of an injury worry over Cech, was unhelpful. If Cech had a clear injury concern then picking Ospina was reasonable. If not, it begs the obvious question as to why a manager would not pick his only purchase of the summer in a key position for a must-win game.
    But beyond that debate, the broader question boils down to why Arsenal play with this strung-out recklessness in the Champions League. Why they find it so hard to be calm. Wright called it “schoolboy” stuff, but surely they should know how to better control games of this nature by now. It is only when the causes are more or less lost, in the knockouts once they have blown the first leg, that they can relax and put in a heroic (but not quite good enough) winning performance.
    Vieira said something revealing about Wenger’s management style in the documentary he made with Roy Keane a while ago. The manager’s biggest strength? “Trust,” said Vieira. “He will trust his players. He will try to make you make the right decision by yourself. Not him telling you what he expects or what he wants you to do … that can be a weakness as well.”

    After a String of Losses, Adam Sandler Is Back on Top

    Adam Sandler and his frequent studio of choice, Sony Pictures, have had a 2015. Coming off a bumpy end to 2014, Sony had a long dry spell at the box office this year with Sandler’s beleaguered video game-focused film Pixels among several disappointments. Both Sandler and Sony desperately needed a win and they got one this weekend with, of all things, Hotel Transylvania 2. According to BoxOffice Mojo, the animated sequel raked in $47.5 million at the box office making it the most successful September opening ever, easily Sony’s biggest hit of 2015, and Sandler’s most lucrative film in over a decade.
    Pixels wasn’t Sandler’s only flop of late. In fact his last four films including BlendedMen, Women & Children, and the direct-to-video release The Cobbler were all pretty much dead on arrival. But Hotel Transylvania 2 was expected to do well. The first installment set the previous record for best September opening and even nabbed a Golden Globe nomination in 2012. Not only that, but with 2015 films likeInside Out ($775 million worldwide) and Minions ($1.1 billion worldwide) continuing to dominate at the global box office, it’s clear that whatever impact increasingly competitive home theater set-ups are having on the multiplex, the world of animation remains relatively unscathed.
    Sandler and his famously versatile voice, is a perfect fit for animation. Film festival efforts like The Cobbler and Men, Women, & Children aside, Sandler’s juvenile approach to comedy—once so popular—seems to be wearing out its welcome with audiences and critics alike. Maybe that makes a move to the kid-friendly realm of animation a natural fit for Sandler’s boyish charms. As for Sony, with positive advance buzz on Goosebumps and the latest Bond installment, Spectre, right around the corner, they might still make it out of 2015 in good shape.

    Nexus 5X & Nexus 6P OFFICIAL: Specs & Hardware Detailed In FULL

    Google is back with not one but TWO brand new Nexus handsets. As predicted, they’re called the Nexus 5X and the Nexus 6P and have been OEM’d by LG and Huawei, respectively. The Nexus 5X represents Google’s answer to those that sorely miss the good ole’ days of the Nexus 4 and Nexus 5 and the Nexus 6P picks up where last year’s Nexus 6 left off, combining cutting edge specs and a larger, phablet-sized display. Both feature fingerprint scanners, however, and both look suitably great -- LG and Huawei have both outdone themselves this time around.  
    Chances are if you're reading this article you're a fan of all things Nexus...well...ALL things Nexus? Perhaps not. It's true that Google generated a lot of loyal fans from the gems of the Nexus series, the Nexus 4 and Nexus 5 being chief amongst them, but it's also true that while the Nexus 6 was technically a great phone in terms of specs and tech, it didn't impress everyone because, quite simply, it was a massive phablet, and massive phablets aren't everyone's cup of tea.
    You're amongst friends here. We get it -- we know you loved the Nexus 5 (and likely the Nexus 4 too) and have been patiently waiting for a true successor. It's coming though, the rumours are getting pretty consistent now, and in our experience of such things where there's smoke there's fire.
    While we (and perhaps you?) wouldn't go so far as to call the Nexus 6 a let-down, the lack of more modestly-sized device to be sold alongside the huge phablet, intended for those who don't dig monster proportions, was something of a disappointment inside 2014. But it seems Google listened, because the whispers are repeatedly saying it has teamed up with LG for a Nexus 5 successor, and Huawei for a larger Nexus 6 successor, both coming inside 2015.
    The Nexus 5 was immensely popular.  Both the Nexus 4 and Nexus 5 offered value for money, excellent specs and hardware and a beautiful Android experience. Sure, the camera wasn’t great and the build materials were a smidge on the plasticky side but none of this mattered because you KNEW you were getting a £450 phone for a third of the price –– and that is what consumers want. A deal. This was Google’s main USP with its Nexus phones, so it makes sense for the company to return to this way of doing business.
    The Nexus 5 was immensely popular.  Both the Nexus 4 and Nexus 5 offered value for money, excellent specs and hardware and a beautiful Android experience. Sure, the camera wasn’t great and the build materials were a smidge on the plasticky side but none of this mattered because you KNEW you were getting a £450 phone for a third of the price –– and that is what consumers want. A deal. This was Google’s main USP with its Nexus phones, so it makes sense for the company to return to this way of doing business.
    A long-standing appeal of the Nexus series, catered to by the Galaxy Nexus, Nexus 4 and, to an extent, the Nexus 5, was the way in which specs were balanced to be competetive while also keeping the price relatively low compared to rival devices. It felt, in many regards, like that  value proposition went out the window with the Nexus 6 and resulted in another high-power, high-price flagship similar to offerings from rivals, although with the remaining appeal of stock Android software direct from Google


    My Cathriona is dead. What am I going to do?' Mother of Jim Carrey's ex-girlfriend, 28, reveals her heartbreak after she was found dead in suspected suicide

  • Police discovered Cathriona White's body when they were called to her home in Los Angeles on Monday night 
  • Two friends of the Irish make-up artist reportedly first found the body when they went to check up on her at the $1.1million home
  • White is thought to have left behind a letter, saying she had broken up with comedian Jim Carrey, 53, for a second time last Thursday
  • That day, September 24, she wrote a worrying message on Twitter, saying she was 'signing off' from the social media site 
  • It's believed that White died from a drug overdose - as pills were found near her body 
  • Carrey issued a statement on Tuesday saying he was 'shocked and deeply saddened' by the passing of his 'sweet Cathriona'

  • Nasa faces contamination dilemma over Mars water investigations

    Nasa scientists may still be celebrating their discovery of liquid water on Mars, but they now face some serious questions about how they can investigate further and look for signs of life on the red planet.
    The problem is how to find life without contaminating the planet with bugs from Earth.
    Researchers at the space agency are keen for the Curiosity rover to take a closer look at the long dark streaks created by liquid water running down craters and canyon walls during the summer months on Mars.
    But the rover is not sterile and risks contaminating the wet areas with earthly bugs that will have hitched a ride to the planet and may still be alive.
    The vehicle has been trundling around the large Gale crater looking for evidence that Mars was habitable in the ancient past. It has so far uncovered evidence of past river networks and age-old lakes.
    However, the dark, damp streaks, called recurring slope lineae (RSL), are a different prospect. Because they are wet at least part of the time, they will be designated as special regions where only sterile landers can visit. But such a restriction could hamper scientists’ hopes of looking for current life on Mars.
    “There will be heated discussions in the next weeks and months about what Curiosity will be allowed to do and whether it can go anywhere near the RSLs,” said Andrew Coates of University College London’s Mullard space science laboratory.
    “Curiosity now has the chance, for example, to do some closer up, but still remote, measurements, using the ChemCam instrument with lasers, to look at composition. I understand there is increasing pressure from the science side to allow that, given this new discovery.”
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    An organisation called the committee on space research (Cospar) draws up the rules on what is called planetary protection, which exist to prevent missions from Earth contaminating the pristine environments of other worlds. Landers that are searching for life must be exceptionally clean, and fall under category IVb, but those entering special regions are category IVc missions and must be cleaner still.
    Curiosity was designed for category IVb, and under Cospar rules is not allowed to enter areas where water might be flowing. But that might be up for discussion. Nasa’s Jim Green argues that the intense radiation environment on Mars, in particular the ultraviolet light, might have killed any bugs Curiosity carried into space, and so may be clean enough to move into the sites.
    recent report from the US National Academy ofSciences and the European Science Foundation, however, suggests that UV light might not do the job, and could make matters worse. “Although the flux of ultraviolet radiation within the Martian atmosphere would be deleterious to most airborne microbes and spores, dust could attenuate this radiation and enhance microbial viability,” the report states.